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Data Publication
Copper isotope fractionation during prehistoric smelting of copper sulfides: experimental and analytical data
Rose, Thomas | Klein, Sabine | Hanning, Erica K.
GFZ Data Services
(2020)
The project from which the data derived aimed to establish the first systematic study of Cu isotope fractionation during the prehistoric smelting and refining process. For this reason, an experimental approach was used to smelt sulfide copper ore according to reconstructed prehistoric smelting models. The ore was collected by E. Hanning as part of her PhD thesis work from a Bronze Age mining site, the Mitterberg region, Austria (Hanning and Pils 2011) and was made available for the experiments. All starting materials for the experiments such as the natural ore, roasted ore, construction clay, flux, dung (used for the roasting), wood and charcoal (fuel) were natural materials. All firing conditions including the amount of fuel or charging material and the temperatures in the furnaces were recorded, and the experimental procedures were documented in the very detail. In total, 30 experiments were carried out in 4 experimental series. The smelting products, both intermediate products and final products were sampled during or after the respective experiment. Slag, matte and copper metal were the major smelting products. All other materials used in and produced by the experiments were sampled, too. Materials used and produced in the two most promising experimental series with regard to potential Cu isotope fractionation were analyzed. Based on the analytical results, the potential of Cu isotopes as a tool in archaeometallurgical research was systematically evaluated and consequences for the copper isotope application as a provenance tool in archaeometry were identified. The data include the documentation of the experiments, laboratory procedures and analytical methods. An experimental outline was previously published in Rose et al. (2019). Analytical methods applied were ICP-MS (elemental analysis, 80 samples), MC-ICP-MS (copper isotopes, 98 samples), and XRD (phase analysis, 25 samples). The experiments were carried out at the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Labor für Experimentelle Archäologie, Mayen, Germany. Laboratories used for the analytical part of the project were the research laboratories at the Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum and FIERCE (Frankfurt Isotope and Element Research Center), Goethe-University Frankfurt, both Germany. Data were processed and plots created with R (R Core Team 2019) in RStudio®. Data are provided as data tables or text files, the R scripts used to create the time-temperature plots of the smelting experiments are also included. The full description of the data and methods is provided in the data description file.
Keywords
Originally assigned keywords
Corresponding MSL vocabulary keywords
MSL enriched keywords
MSL enriched sub domains i
Source publisher
GFZ Data Services
DOI
10.5880/fidgeo.2020.013
Authors
Rose, Thomas
0000-0002-8186-3566
Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Forschungsabteilung Archäometallurgie, Bochum, Germany; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Bible, Archaeology and Ancient Near East, Be’er Sheva, Israel; Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Antiquity, Rome, Italy;
Klein, Sabine
0000-0002-3939-4428
Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Forschungsabteilung Archäometallurgie, Bochum, Germany; FIERCE, Frankfurt Isotope & Element Research Center, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
Hanning, Erica K.
RGZM Mainz, Kompetenzbereich Experimentelle Archäologie, Mayen, Germany;
Contributers
Rose, Thomas
ProjectMember
0000-0002-8186-3566
Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Forschungsabteilung Archäometallurgie, Bochum, Germany; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Bible, Archaeology and Ancient Near East, Be’er Sheva, Israel; Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Antiquity, Rome, Italy;
Rose, Thomas
DataCollector
0000-0002-8186-3566
Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Forschungsabteilung Archäometallurgie, Bochum, Germany; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Bible, Archaeology and Ancient Near East, Be’er Sheva, Israel; Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Antiquity, Rome, Italy;
Klein, Sabine
Supervisor
0000-0002-3939-4428
Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Forschungsabteilung Archäometallurgie, Bochum, Germany; FIERCE, Frankfurt Isotope & Element Research Center, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
Klein, Sabine
ProjectLeader
0000-0002-3939-4428
Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Forschungsabteilung Archäometallurgie, Bochum, Germany; FIERCE, Frankfurt Isotope & Element Research Center, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
Klein, Sabine
DataCollector
0000-0002-3939-4428
Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Forschungsabteilung Archäometallurgie, Bochum, Germany; FIERCE, Frankfurt Isotope & Element Research Center, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
Hanning, Erica K.
ProjectMember
RGZM Mainz, Kompetenzbereich Experimentelle Archäologie, Mayen, Germany;
Hanning, Erica K.
DataCollector
RGZM Mainz, Kompetenzbereich Experimentelle Archäologie, Mayen, Germany;
Bode, Michael
DataCollector
Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, Bochum, Germany;
Sessing, Jan
DataCollector
Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, Bochum, Germany;
Kutz, Regina
DataCollector
Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, Bochum, Germany;
Seitz, H.-Michael
DataCollector
Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Facheinheit Mineralogie, Germany;
Herdick, Michael
Other
RGZM Mainz, Kompetenzbereich Experimentelle Archäologie, Mayen, Germany;
Mayen, Laboratory for Experimental Archaeology of the RGZM; smelting experiments
HostingInstitution
Laboratory for Experimental Archaeology of the RGZM, Mayen, Germany;
Bochum, German Mining Museum: sample preparation, XRD, chemistry analyses
HostingInstitution
German Mining Museum, Bochum, Germany;
Frankfurt, FIERCE: Cu isotope analyses
HostingInstitution
FIERCE, Frankfurt, Germany;
References
Cites
Cites
Borrok, D. M., Wanty, R. B., Ridley, W. I., Wolf, R., Lamothe, P. J., & Adams, M. (2007). Separation of copper, iron, and zinc from complex aqueous solutions for isotopic measurement. Chemical Geology, 242(3–4), 400–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.04.004
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.04.004
Cites
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Cites
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Cites
Gražulis, S., Daškevič, A., Merkys, A., Chateigner, D., Lutterotti, L., Quirós, M., Serebryanaya, N. R., Moeck, P., Downs, R. T., & Le Bail, A. (2011). Crystallography Open Database (COD): an open-access collection of crystal structures and platform for world-wide collaboration. Nucleic Acids Research, 40(D1), D420–D427. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr900
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Cites
Grolemund, G., & Wickham, H. (2011). Dates and Times Made Easy withlubridate. Journal of Statistical Software, 40(3). https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v040.i03
10.18637/jss.v040.i03
Cites
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Cites
Maréchal, C., & Albarède, F. (2002). Ion-exchange fractionation of copper and zinc isotopes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66(9), 1499–1509. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(01)00815-8
10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00815-8
Cites
Maréchal, C. N., Télouk, P., & Albarède, F. (1999). Precise analysis of copper and zinc isotopic compositions by plasma-source mass spectrometry. Chemical Geology, 156(1–4), 251–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(98)00191-0
10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00191-0
Cites
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Cites
Peel, K., Weiss, D., Chapman, J., Arnold, T., & Coles, B. (2008). A simple combined sample–standard bracketing and inter-element correction procedure for accurate mass bias correction and precise Zn and Cu isotope ratio measurements. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 23(1), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1039/b710977f
10.1039/b710977f
Cites
Cites
Ramette, R. W. (1986). Copper(II) complexes with chloride ion. Inorganic Chemistry, 25(14), 2481–2482. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00234a044
10.1021/ic00234a044
Cites
Rose, T., Hanning, E., & Klein, S. (2019). Verhüttungsexperimente mit Chalkopyrit-Erz nach Vorbildern aus dem bronzezeitlichen Ostalpenraum und Nepal. <i>FID GEO</i>. https://doi.org/10.23689/FIDGEO-3706
10.23689/fidgeo-3706
Cites
Sato, T., & Kato, T. (1977). The stability constants of the chloro complexes of copper(II) and zinc(II) determined by tri-n-octylamine extraction. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 39(7), 1205–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(77)80346-1
10.1016/0022-1902(77)80346-1
Cites
Citiation
Rose, T., Klein, S., & Hanning, E. K. (2020). Copper isotope fractionation during prehistoric smelting of copper sulfides: experimental and analytical data [Data set]. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/FIDGEO.2020.013
Collection Period
2018-03-28 - 2018-09-26
Geo location(s)
Mayen, Laboratory for Experimental Archaeology of the RGZM; location of the smelting experiments
Bochum, German Mining Museum; sample preparation, XRD, chemistry analyses
Frankfurt, FIERCE; Cu isotope analyses
Mitterberger Hauptgang